完了形(現在完了・過去完了・未来完了・完了進行形) ── 問題
基礎
- ( )に入るものを選びなさい。 My brother ( ) his wallet just now. (ア lost イ is losing ウ had lost エ has lost)
- ( )に入るものを選びなさい。 We have known each other ( ) we were children. (ア from イ during ウ for エ since)
- ( )に入るものを選びなさい。 Have you ever ( ) to a foreign country? (ア go イ gone ウ went エ been)
- 誤りを含む文はどれですか。 (ア I have never eaten sushi. イ When have you come to Japan? ウ Have you finished your homework yet? エ She has just left the office.)
標準
- ( )に入るものを選びなさい。 When I called him, he ( ) out. (ア had gone イ went ウ would go エ has gone)
- ( )に入るものを選びなさい。 She ( ) Japan by next month. (ア will leave イ will have been leaving ウ will have left エ has left)
- ( )に入るものを選びなさい。 We ( ) friends for a long time. (ア was イ have been being ウ are being エ have been)
- ( )に入るものを選びなさい。 I lost the watch that my grandfather ( ) me. (ア is giving イ had given ウ has given エ gives)
- ( )に入るものを選びなさい。 By the time you get to the airport, the plane ( ). (ア will have taken off イ took off ウ had taken off エ has taken off)
- ( )に入るものを選びなさい。 He ( ) in this company for three years when he was promoted. (ア has been working イ will have worked ウ is working エ had been working)
- 会話の( )に入るものを選びなさい。 A: Have you finished your report yet? B: Not yet. I ( ) on it since this morning. (ア am working イ have been working ウ was working エ had been working)
- 会話の( )に入るものを選びなさい。 A: Is Tom still in Canada? B: No, he ( ) back to Japan last week. (ア has come イ has been ウ had come エ came)
- 次の英文で、誤りを含む部分はどれですか。 She [(A) has been] sick [(B) since] three days, so she [(C) hasn't come] to school [(D) this week]. (ア (A) has been イ (B) since ウ (C) hasn't come エ (D) this week)
発展
- ( )に入るものを選びなさい。 It ( ) ten years since my grandmother died. (ア has passed イ is passed ウ was エ has been)
- 次の文と同じ意味の文はどれですか。 This is the most interesting book I have ever read. (ア I have never read such an interesting book as this. イ I will read this interesting book. ウ I read this interesting book once. エ I have read a more interesting book than this.)
- ( )に入るものを選びなさい。 How long ( ) Japanese? (ア are you studying イ did you study ウ have you been studying エ do you study)
- 日本語に合うように[ ]内の語を並べかえたとき、3 番目に来る語はどれですか。 「来月で、私たちはこの町に 10 年住んでいることになる。」 We [ lived / this / will / in / have ] town for ten years next month. (ア will イ have ウ in エ lived)
- 次のメールを読んで、内容に合うものを選びなさい。 Dear Ms. Brown, I'm writing about the textbook I ordered on May 2. It still hasn't arrived, although your website said it would be delivered within five days. I have already paid for it. Could you check what has happened? Regards, Kenji Mori (ア Kenji received the book on May 2, but it was the wrong textbook. イ Kenji has paid for a book that he has not received yet. ウ The book was delivered within five days, as promised. エ Kenji is going to pay for the book when it arrives.)
完了形(現在完了・過去完了・未来完了・完了進行形) ── 解答
基礎
- ア lost 回数(three times・twice)・since・for・already・「今も〜ない」は現在完了。last week・〜 ago・in 2015・when + 過去・yesterday・just now は過去の一点なので過去形。答え:lost。
- エ since for + 期間の長さ(ten years・a long time)、since + 始まった時点(2010・last spring・we were children)。答え:since。
- エ been have been to は「行ったことがある・行ってきた」、have gone to は「行ってしまって今ここにいない」。答え:been。
- イ When have you come to Japan? when(いつ)は過去の一点を尋ねるので現在完了と使えない。When did you come to Japan? が正しい。
標準
- ア had gone 「〜したとき、(それより前に)…してしまっていた」は過去完了 had + 過去分詞。when の文(過去形)が基準の時点。答え:had gone。
- ウ will have left by + 未来の時点「〜までに…し終えているだろう」は未来完了 will have + 過去分詞。答え:will have left。
- エ have been 動作動詞(rain・wait・watch・play・talk)の「ずっと〜し続けている」は現在完了進行形 have been -ing。状態動詞(know・like・be・have=持つ)は進行形にしないので have + 過去分詞。答え:have been。
- イ had given 「くれた」のは「なくした」より前 → 大過去の had + 過去分詞。
- ア will have taken off by the time + 現在形(未来の時点)→ 主節はその時点までに完了する未来完了。
- エ had been working 昇進した(過去の一点)までの継続 → 過去完了進行形 had been -ing。
- イ have been working since this morning(今朝から今まで)続いている動作なので現在完了進行形。現在形・過去形は since と合わず、過去完了は「今」ではなく過去のある時点までを表す。
- エ came last week は過去の一点を表す語。過去の一点があれば現在完了ではなく過去形。
- イ (B) since three days は「期間」なので for を使う。since の後ろには起点(last Monday など)が来る。
発展
- エ has been It has been + 期間 + since S + 過去形「〜してから…になる」。Ten years have passed since … も可。
- ア I have never read such an interesting book as this. 最上級 + have ever + 過去分詞「今までで一番〜」= have never + 過去分詞 + such … as。
- ウ have you been studying How long + 現在完了(進行形)「どのくらいの間〜しているか」。継続を尋ねる決まった形。
- エ lived 未来のある時点(next month)までの継続は未来完了 will have + 過去分詞。will have lived in this の順で、3 番目は lived。
- イ Kenji has paid for a book that he has not received yet. It still hasn't arrived(まだ届いていない)と I have already paid for it(もう支払った)の 2 つの現在完了を合わせて読む。
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