話法と時制の一致(直接話法 ↔ 間接話法) ── 問題
基礎
- ( )に入るものを選びなさい。 She said that she ( ) at six every day. (ア get uped イ had get uped ウ gets up エ was getting)
- 間接話法に直すとき、下線の語は何に変わりますか。 He said, "I am leaving tonight."(下線:tonight) (ア the next day イ that night ウ then エ the day before)
- 誤りを含む文はどれですか。 (ア He told me that he was busy. イ He said that he was busy. ウ He said me that he was busy. エ He said to me that he was busy.)
標準
- 直接話法を間接話法に直したとき正しいものはどれですか。 She said, "I will call you tomorrow." (ア She said that she will call me tomorrow. イ She said that she would call me the next day. ウ She said that she would call me tomorrow.)
- 間接話法に直すとき( )に入る 1 語を書きなさい。 He said to me, "Are you hungry?" → He asked me ( ) I was hungry.
- ( )に入るものを選びなさい。 My teacher said that Columbus ( ) America in 1492. (ア has discovered イ discovered ウ had discovered エ discovers)
- ( )に入るものを選びなさい。 She asked me ( ). (ア when would the meeting start イ that when the meeting would start ウ when the meeting would start エ when does the meeting start)
- He said, "Let's take a break." を間接話法に直したものとして正しいものはどれですか。 (ア He asked that we took a break. イ He suggested that we take a break. ウ He told us to let's take a break. エ He said us to take a break.)
発展
- ( )に入るものを選びなさい。 He said that if he ( ) more time, he would help us. (ア had イ would have ウ had had エ has)
- 次の文からわかることとして正しいものはどれですか。 On Monday, she told me that she had sent the letter two days before and that it would arrive the next day. (ア 手紙は土曜日に送られ、火曜日に届く予定だった イ 手紙は日曜日に送られ、月曜日に届いた ウ 手紙はまだ送られていない エ 手紙は月曜日に送られ、水曜日に届く予定だった)
- She said, "I'm tired. Please let me rest." を 1 文の間接話法にしたものとして正しいものはどれですか。 (ア She said that she was tired and let me rest. イ She told me that she was tired and to let her rest. ウ She said that she was tired and asked me to let her rest. エ She said that she is tired and asked to let her rest.)
話法と時制の一致(直接話法 ↔ 間接話法) ── 解答
基礎
- ウ gets up 主節が過去なら従属節は 1 段階過去へ(is → was、will → would、過去・現在完了 → 過去完了)。ただし不変の真理は現在形、今も続く習慣は現在形、歴史上の事実は過去形のまま。答え:gets up。
- イ that night 間接話法では話した時点・場所を基準に語を変える:now → then、today → that day、tomorrow → the next day、yesterday → the day before、〜 ago → 〜 before、here → there、this → that、next → the following、last → the … before。答え:that night。
- ウ He said me that he was busy. say は人を直接目的語にとらない(say to 人)。tell は人が必要(tell 人 that)。
標準
- イ She said that she would call me the next day. 平叙文は tell 人 that(時制を過去へ・now → then・tomorrow → the next day・yesterday → the day before)。Yes/No 疑問文は ask 人 if + S V、疑問詞疑問文は ask 人 + 疑問詞 + S V(疑問文の語順にしない)。命令文は tell 人 to、否定は not to、依頼は ask 人 to、忠告は advise 人 to。答え:She said that she would call me the next day.。
- if Yes/No 疑問文は if、命令文は told 人 to、依頼は asked 人 to、否定命令は not to、時制は 1 段階過去へ(am → was、have → had、will → would、want → wanted)。答え:if。
- イ discovered 歴史上の事実は時制の一致を受けず過去形のまま(過去完了にしない)。
- ウ when the meeting would start 疑問詞 + S + V の語順で、時制の一致により will → would。
- イ He suggested that we take a break. Let's は suggest that we (should) + 原形、または suggest -ing で表す。
発展
- ア had 仮定法は時制の一致を受けない。仮定法過去の had はそのまま。
- ア 手紙は土曜日に送られ、火曜日に届く予定だった 言ったのが月曜。two days before = 土曜に送った(過去完了)。the next day = 火曜に届く(would)。
- ウ She said that she was tired and asked me to let her rest. 平叙文は said that、依頼(Please)は asked 人 to。and でつなぎ、代名詞 me → her に変える。
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