英文の空欄補充と整序 ── 問題
基礎
- 次の英文を読んで、問いに答えなさい。 Sociologists use the term "third place" for somewhere that is neither home nor work: a cafe, a park, a barbershop, a public library. Such places used to be taken for granted. （ A ）, in many towns they have quietly disappeared. Small shops have closed, and the people who once met there now meet nowhere at all. Libraries are an interesting exception. They were designed for books, and for a while it seemed that the internet would make them unnecessary. （ B ）, the opposite has happened. Visitors still come, but fewer of them come to borrow a book. They come to study, to use a computer, to escape the heat, or simply to sit among other people without having to buy anything. This last point matters more than it sounds. Almost every other place where we can spend time now asks us to pay: a coffee, a ticket, a membership. A library is one of the few remaining rooms in a city where a person can stay for hours and owe nothing. So when a town debates whether it can afford its library, the question is being asked the wrong way around. The real question is what the town would lose without a place that （ C ）. That is not a cost. It is a bargain. 空欄 A・B に入る語の組み合わせとして最も妥当なものはどれか。 （ア A：However B：Instead イ A：For example B：Instead ウ A：Therefore B：However エ A：In addition B：In other words undefined A：However B：Therefore）
- 次の英文を読んで、問いに答えなさい。 Most of us have had the experience of being introduced to someone and forgetting their name within a minute. We tend to blame our memory. （ A ）, the problem usually begins earlier, at the moment of hearing. When someone says their name, we are busy deciding what to say next, how we look, and whether we should shake hands. The name arrives while our attention is somewhere else, and what is not attended to is not stored. This explains why we remember names from novels more easily than names from parties. A character's name is repeated, attached to actions, and read at our own pace. （ B ）, a stranger's name is heard once, in noise, while we are performing. The practical lesson is simple. Repeat the name aloud as soon as you hear it: "Nice to meet you, Ken." Use it once more before the conversation ends. Attach it to something you can picture, such as the person's job or the reason they are here. None of this requires a good memory. It requires only that the name be （ C ） rather than merely heard. 空欄 A・B に入る語の組み合わせとして最も妥当なものはどれか。 （ア A：Otherwise B：By contrast イ A：In fact B：Similarly ウ A：For example B：By contrast エ A：In fact B：By contrast undefined A：As a result B：In addition）
- 次の英文を読んで、問いに答えなさい。 When a household appliance breaks today, the usual response is to buy a new one. Repair shops have become rare, spare parts are hard to find, and the cost of an hour of skilled labour is often close to the price of a replacement. （ A ）, throwing things away has become the rational choice for an individual, even when it is a poor choice for everyone. Some cities have started to change this arithmetic. They host "repair cafes," where volunteers help people fix toasters, bicycles, and clothes for free. A few countries have gone further and now require manufacturers to keep spare parts available for years after a product is sold. （ B ）, a broken machine is no longer automatically a dead one. The interesting effect is not only environmental. People who repair something once tend to look at their other possessions differently. An object that has been opened and understood is harder to （ C ）. Repair, in other words, changes the owner as much as the object. 空欄 A・B に入る語の組み合わせとして最も妥当なものはどれか。 （ア A：For instance B：In addition イ A：Otherwise B：Meanwhile ウ A：In short B：Nevertheless エ A：In short B：As a result undefined A：However B：As a result）
- 次の英文を読んで、問いに答えなさい。 Every spring, thousands of people take part in a marathon in our city. Most of them will never win a prize, and many will finish hours after the leaders. （ A ）, they train for months, often before work in the dark. Why? The usual answer is health, but that explains only part of it. A person who wants to be healthy can run three kilometres a few times a week; a marathon is far more than the body needs. （ B ）, the runners I spoke to gave a different reason. They wanted to find out what they could do. In daily life, few of us ever reach our limits. Work asks for effort, but rarely for everything we have. The marathon is one of the few places where an ordinary person can （ C ）. That may be why the finish line is such an emotional place. The tears are not about the time on the clock. They are about a question that has finally been answered. 空欄 A・B に入る語の組み合わせとして最も妥当なものはどれか。 （ア A：For example B：Instead イ A：Nevertheless B：In fact ウ A：Nevertheless B：For example エ A：In addition B：However undefined A：Therefore B：In fact）
- 次の英文を読んで、問いに答えなさい。 Handwriting is disappearing from daily life. Shopping lists are typed into phones, letters have become emails, and many schools spend less time teaching children to write by hand. （ A ）, some teachers are asking whether something is being lost. Their concern is not about beauty. It is about memory. When students write notes by hand, they cannot copy every word the teacher says, so they must choose what to keep. When they type, they can record almost everything, and many do. The typed notes are longer, but the students who made them often remember less. （ B ）, the answer is not to ban laptops. It is to make sure that students, whatever tool they use, do the work of choosing and summarising. A pen makes that work unavoidable. A keyboard makes it optional, and optional work is easily skipped. 空欄 A・B に入る語の組み合わせとして最も妥当なものはどれか。 （ア A：However B：Therefore イ A：In other words B：However ウ A：However B：Even so エ A：Therefore B：For example undefined A：For example B：Even so）
- 次の英文の（ ）に入る語句として最も妥当なものはどれか。 The shop is far from the station. （ ）, you need a car to get there. （ア In addition イ For example ウ On the other hand エ In other words undefined Otherwise）
標準
- 次の英文を読んで、問いに答えなさい。 Sociologists use the term "third place" for somewhere that is neither home nor work: a cafe, a park, a barbershop, a public library. Such places used to be taken for granted. （ A ）, in many towns they have quietly disappeared. Small shops have closed, and the people who once met there now meet nowhere at all. Libraries are an interesting exception. They were designed for books, and for a while it seemed that the internet would make them unnecessary. （ B ）, the opposite has happened. Visitors still come, but fewer of them come to borrow a book. They come to study, to use a computer, to escape the heat, or simply to sit among other people without having to buy anything. This last point matters more than it sounds. Almost every other place where we can spend time now asks us to pay: a coffee, a ticket, a membership. A library is one of the few remaining rooms in a city where a person can stay for hours and owe nothing. So when a town debates whether it can afford its library, the question is being asked the wrong way around. The real question is what the town would lose without a place that （ C ）. That is not a cost. It is a bargain. 空欄 C に入る語句として最も妥当なものはどれか。 （ア keeps its doors open only during the day イ belongs to the people who work there ウ charges a small fee for every visit エ asks nothing of the people who enter it undefined sells more books than any shop in town）
- 次の英文を読んで、問いに答えなさい。 Sociologists use the term "third place" for somewhere that is neither home nor work: a cafe, a park, a barbershop, a public library. Such places used to be taken for granted. However, in many towns they have quietly disappeared. Small shops have closed, and the people who once met there now meet nowhere at all. 【 ① 】 Libraries are an interesting exception. They were designed for books, and for a while it seemed that the internet would make them unnecessary. Instead, the opposite has happened. Visitors still come, but fewer of them come to borrow a book. They come to study, to use a computer, to escape the heat, or simply to sit among other people without having to buy anything. 【 ② 】 This last point matters more than it sounds. Almost every other place where we can spend time now asks us to pay: a coffee, a ticket, a membership. 【 ③ 】 A library is one of the few remaining rooms in a city where a person can stay for hours and owe nothing. 【 ④ 】 So when a town debates whether it can afford its library, the question is being asked the wrong way around. The real question is what the town would lose without a place that asks nothing of the people who enter it. That is not a cost. It is a bargain. 【 ⑤ 】 次の一文が入る位置として最も妥当なものはどれか。 「In that sense, the library has become less a warehouse of books than a room that belongs to everyone.」 （ア ① イ ② ウ ③ エ ④ undefined ⑤）
- 次の英文を読んで、問いに答えなさい。 Most of us have had the experience of being introduced to someone and forgetting their name within a minute. We tend to blame our memory. （ A ）, the problem usually begins earlier, at the moment of hearing. When someone says their name, we are busy deciding what to say next, how we look, and whether we should shake hands. The name arrives while our attention is somewhere else, and what is not attended to is not stored. This explains why we remember names from novels more easily than names from parties. A character's name is repeated, attached to actions, and read at our own pace. （ B ）, a stranger's name is heard once, in noise, while we are performing. The practical lesson is simple. Repeat the name aloud as soon as you hear it: "Nice to meet you, Ken." Use it once more before the conversation ends. Attach it to something you can picture, such as the person's job or the reason they are here. None of this requires a good memory. It requires only that the name be （ C ） rather than merely heard. 空欄 C に入る語句として最も妥当なものはどれか。 （ア forgotten as quickly as possible イ given a moment of attention ウ written down in a notebook エ heard several times from the speaker undefined shortened to an easy nickname）
- 次の英文を読んで、問いに答えなさい。 When a household appliance breaks today, the usual response is to buy a new one. Repair shops have become rare, spare parts are hard to find, and the cost of an hour of skilled labour is often close to the price of a replacement. （ A ）, throwing things away has become the rational choice for an individual, even when it is a poor choice for everyone. Some cities have started to change this arithmetic. They host "repair cafes," where volunteers help people fix toasters, bicycles, and clothes for free. A few countries have gone further and now require manufacturers to keep spare parts available for years after a product is sold. （ B ）, a broken machine is no longer automatically a dead one. The interesting effect is not only environmental. People who repair something once tend to look at their other possessions differently. An object that has been opened and understood is harder to （ C ）. Repair, in other words, changes the owner as much as the object. 空欄 C に入る語句として最も妥当なものはどれか。 （ア repair a second time by yourself イ sell to a stranger at a fair price ウ lend to a neighbour for a week エ throw away without a second thought undefined describe accurately to another person）
- 次のア〜オの英文を意味が通るように並べかえたものとして最も妥当なものはどれか。 ア Recently, however, many cities have begun to reverse this order. イ The lesson is that the shape of a street is a decision, not a fact of nature. ウ For decades, city streets were designed with one user in mind: the car. エ They take a lane away from cars and give it to bicycles, and traffic, surprisingly, does not collapse. オ Bicycles were allowed, but only in the space that cars did not need. （ア ウ→オ→ア→エ→イ イ ア→ウ→オ→エ→イ ウ ウ→ア→オ→エ→イ エ オ→ウ→ア→イ→エ undefined ウ→オ→エ→ア→イ）
- 次の英文を読んで、問いに答えなさい。 Every spring, thousands of people take part in a marathon in our city. Most of them will never win a prize, and many will finish hours after the leaders. （ A ）, they train for months, often before work in the dark. Why? The usual answer is health, but that explains only part of it. A person who wants to be healthy can run three kilometres a few times a week; a marathon is far more than the body needs. （ B ）, the runners I spoke to gave a different reason. They wanted to find out what they could do. In daily life, few of us ever reach our limits. Work asks for effort, but rarely for everything we have. The marathon is one of the few places where an ordinary person can （ C ）. That may be why the finish line is such an emotional place. The tears are not about the time on the clock. They are about a question that has finally been answered. 空欄 C に入る語句として最も妥当なものはどれか。 （ア earn money from their effort イ give everything they have ウ avoid the limits of the body エ win a prize in front of a crowd undefined stay healthy without much effort）
- 次の A〜E の英文を並べ替えて意味の通る文章にしたとき、その順序として最も妥当なものはどれか。 A This works because a fixed time makes the decision for you, so no willpower is needed. B Many people who want to exercise more make the same mistake: they wait until they feel like it. C Those who succeed, by contrast, decide on a time, such as seven every morning, and go whether they feel like it or not. D That matters, because willpower is a limited resource and is usually gone by the evening. E That feeling, unfortunately, rarely comes. （ア B→E→A→C→D イ B→E→C→A→D ウ E→B→C→A→D エ B→C→E→A→D undefined B→E→C→D→A）
- 次の英文の（ ）に入る語句として最も妥当なものはどれか。 He had studied for months. （ ）, he failed the exam. （ア Instead イ Nevertheless ウ Otherwise エ Meanwhile undefined In short）
- 次の A〜C の英文を意味が通るように並べかえたものとして最も妥当なものはどれか。 A Sleep is not lost time. B One example of such work is sorting and storing memories. C The brain uses it to do work it cannot do while we are awake. （ア A→C→B イ C→A→B ウ B→A→C エ A→B→C undefined B→C→A）
発展
- 次の英文を読んで、問いに答えなさい。 Most of us have had the experience of being introduced to someone and forgetting their name within a minute. We tend to blame our memory. In fact, the problem usually begins earlier, at the moment of hearing. 【 ① 】 When someone says their name, we are busy deciding what to say next, how we look, and whether we should shake hands. 【 ② 】 This explains why we remember names from novels more easily than names from parties. A character's name is repeated, attached to actions, and read at our own pace. 【 ③ 】 By contrast, a stranger's name is heard once, in noise, while we are performing. 【 ④ 】 The practical lesson is simple. Repeat the name aloud as soon as you hear it: "Nice to meet you, Ken." Use it once more before the conversation ends. Attach it to something you can picture, such as the person's job or the reason they are here. None of this requires a good memory. It requires only that the name be given a moment of attention rather than merely heard. 【 ⑤ 】 次の一文が入る位置として最も妥当なものはどれか。 「The name arrives while our attention is somewhere else, and what is not attended to is not stored.」 （ア ① イ ② ウ ③ エ ④ undefined ⑤）
- 次のア〜オの英文を意味が通るように並べかえたものとして最も妥当なものはどれか。 ア The reason is that they could not keep up, and so they had to decide what mattered and put it in their own words. イ Students who type their notes usually write down more words than students who use a pen. ウ The slowness that looked like a weakness was doing the work of understanding. エ It would seem, then, that typing is the better method. オ Yet in several studies, the pen users remembered the material better a week later. （ア エ→イ→オ→ウ→ア イ イ→オ→エ→ア→ウ ウ イ→エ→ア→オ→ウ エ イ→エ→オ→ア→ウ undefined オ→イ→エ→ア→ウ）
- 次のア〜オの英文を意味が通るように並べかえたものとして最も妥当なものはどれか。 ア It names what was done, accepts that it caused harm, and stops. イ "I am sorry, but you also…" turns an apology into an argument, and the listener hears only the second half. ウ If an explanation is really needed, it can wait for another conversation. エ A good apology is shorter than most people think. オ The trouble begins with the word "but." （ア ア→エ→オ→イ→ウ イ オ→イ→エ→ア→ウ ウ エ→オ→イ→ア→ウ エ エ→ア→オ→イ→ウ undefined エ→ア→イ→オ→ウ）
- 次の英文を読んで、問いに答えなさい。 Handwriting is disappearing from daily life. Shopping lists are typed into phones, letters have become emails, and many schools spend less time teaching children to write by hand. However, some teachers are asking whether something is being lost. 【 ① 】 Their concern is not about beauty. It is about memory. When students write notes by hand, they cannot copy every word the teacher says, so they must choose what to keep. 【 ② 】 When they type, they can record almost everything, and many do. 【 ③ 】 The typed notes are longer, but the students who made them often remember less. 【 ④ 】 Even so, the answer is not to ban laptops. It is to make sure that students, whatever tool they use, do the work of choosing and summarising. A pen makes that work unavoidable. A keyboard makes it optional, and optional work is easily skipped. 【 ⑤ 】 次の一文が入る位置として最も妥当なものはどれか。 「That choice forces them to understand the idea before they write it down.」 （ア ① イ ② ウ ③ エ ④ undefined ⑤）
英文の空欄補充と整序 ── 解答
基礎
- ア A：However B：Instead A は「当たり前だと思われていた（taken for granted）」→「消えてしまった（disappeared）」と反対の展開なので逆接の However。B は「図書館は不要になると思われた（unnecessary）」に対して「逆のことが起きた（the opposite has happened）」なので、予想の代わりに別のことが起きたことを示す Instead。B に Therefore を入れると「不要になると思われた。だから逆のことが起きた」となり因果が通らない。A の For example・In addition は前の文の例や追加ではないので合わない。
- エ A：In fact B：By contrast A の前は「記憶力のせいにしがちだ（blame our memory）」、後ろは「問題はもっと前、聞く瞬間に始まる」で、思い込みに対して実際はこうだと訂正しているので In fact。B は小説の登場人物の名前（繰り返される・自分のペースで読む）と初対面の人の名前（一度だけ・騒がしい中で）を反対の側として並べているので By contrast。Similarly（同様に）は逆。For example・As a result・Otherwise は A の前後の関係（訂正）に合わない。
- エ A：In short B：As a result A の前は「修理店が減った・部品がない・工賃が高い」という 3 つの事情、後ろは「捨てるのが合理的な選択になった」というそのまとめなので In short（要するに）。B の前は修理カフェや部品供給の義務づけという取り組み、後ろは「壊れた機械がもう自動的に死んだものではなくなった」というその結果なので As a result。B に Nevertheless を入れると取り組みと結果が逆接でつながり意味が通らない。A の However は前後が反対の内容ではないので合わない。
- イ A：Nevertheless B：In fact A の前は「賞は取れない・何時間も遅れてゴールする」、後は「それでも何か月も練習する」なので、それにもかかわらずの Nevertheless。B の前は「健康のためなら 3 km で足りる（健康は理由の一部にすぎない）」、後は「走者は別の理由を挙げた」で、思い込みに対して実際はこうだと述べる In fact。B に For example を入れると後が例になっていない。A の Therefore・For example・In addition は、前後が反対の内容なので合わない。
- ウ A：However B：Even so A の前は「手書きが消えつつあり、学校も教える時間を減らしている」、後は「何かが失われていないかと問う教師がいる」で、流れに逆らう内容なので However。B の前は「タイプした学生は覚えていないことが多い」、後は「それでもパソコンを禁止するのが答えではない」で、前の内容を認めつつ結論を別に置く Even so。B に Therefore を入れると「覚えていない。だから禁止しない」となり因果が通らない。A の For example・In other words・Therefore は前後の関係（対立）に合わない。
- エ In other words 後ろの「車が必要」は前の「駅から遠い」を言い直したものなので In other words。
標準
- エ asks nothing of the people who enter it C の直前の段落で図書館は「何時間いても何も支払わなくてよい（owe nothing）」「何も買わずに座っていられる（without having to buy anything）」場所だと説明されている。空欄はその言いかえなので「入る人に何も求めない」が入る。「料金を取る（charges a fee）」は逆。「本を売る」「昼だけ開く」「職員のもの」は本文が述べていない無関係な内容。
- エ ④ 入れる一文は In that sense（その意味で）で始まり、直前に「誰のものでもある部屋」と言える根拠が必要。④ の直前「何時間いても何も支払わなくてよい数少ない部屋（owe nothing）」がその根拠で、直後の So when a town debates… はこの一文を受けて結論に進む。① は第三の場所が消えたという話の途中で、図書館の話がまだ出ていない。② に入れると次の段落の This last point（「何も買わずに」という点）が指すものがずれる。③ では「ほかの場所は支払いを求める」と「図書館は支払いがいらない」の対比の間に割り込んで流れが切れる。⑤ は That is not a cost. It is a bargain. という締めの後で、文章の結びを壊す。
- イ given a moment of attention 第 1 段落の「注意が向いていないものは記憶に残らない（what is not attended to is not stored）」と、空欄の直後の rather than merely heard（ただ聞くだけでなく）が対になる。したがって「一瞬でも注意を向けられる」が入る。「書き留める」「あだ名にする」は本文の助言にない。「話し手から何度も聞く」は、繰り返すのは自分（Repeat the name aloud）なので主体が違う。「忘れる」は逆。
- エ throw away without a second thought 第 1 段落で「捨てること（throwing things away）」が今の当たり前の選択だと述べ、第 3 段落では修理を経験した人が持ち物を違う目で見るようになると述べている。空欄は「開けて中身を理解した物は〜しにくい」で、直後の「修理は物と同じくらい持ち主を変える」につながるので「深く考えずに捨てる」が入る。「もう一度修理する」は理解した物ならむしろしやすいので逆。「売る」「貸す」「説明する」は本文が述べていない。
- ア ウ→オ→ア→エ→イ however を含むアと、They（都市）で始まるエは先頭に来ない。過去の状況を述べるウが先頭で、オの「自転車は車が使わない場所だけ」がその補足。アの this order（この順序＝車が先）はウ・オを受ける。エの They は many cities を指すのでアの直後。イの The lesson is はまとめなので最後。ウ→ア→オ→エ→イ だと「逆転し始めた」の直後に過去の状況（were allowed）が来て時間が戻る。
- イ give everything they have 直前の 2 文 few of us ever reach our limits（限界に達することはめったにない）と Work asks for effort, but rarely for everything we have（仕事は全力までは求めない）を受けて、マラソンは「持てるすべてを出せる数少ない場所」と続く。走者の理由 They wanted to find out what they could do とも合う。「賞を取る」は第 1 段落 will never win a prize と逆。「あまり努力せずに健康を保つ」は 3 km の話で、マラソンは far more than the body needs。「限界を避ける」は逆。「お金を得る」は本文にない。
- イ B→E→C→A→D E の That feeling（その気持ち）は B の feel like it を受けるので B→E。C の by contrast は「気が向くのを待つ人」と対比して「成功する人」を出すので E の後。A の This works は C のやり方を受け、D の That matters は A の no willpower is needed を受けるので C→A→D。B→C→E だと E の「その気持ちはめったに来ない」が C の「気が向こうと向くまいと行く」の後に来て話が戻る。B→E→C→D→A だと D の That matters が受けるもの（willpower が要らないという点）が前にない。
- イ Nevertheless 「何か月も勉強した」のに「落ちた」という予想に反する展開なので逆接の Nevertheless（それにもかかわらず）。
- ア A→C→B B の such work は C の「起きている間にできない仕事」を受けるので C の直後。A「睡眠は失われた時間ではない」→ C の it が sleep を受けて「脳は起きている間にできない仕事に使う」→ B がその具体例。
発展
- イ ② 入れる一文の our attention is somewhere else（注意がよそにある）は、直前に「注意がよそに向いている場面」の説明を必要とする。② の直前「次に何を言うか、どう見えるか、握手すべきかで頭がいっぱい」がまさにそれで、直後の段落の This explains why…（これが〜の理由を説明する）はこの一文の内容を受けている。① では原因の説明（busy deciding…）より先に結論が来てしまう。③・④ は小説と初対面の対比の途中で、第 1 段落の話に戻ることになる。⑤ は助言を述べて締めた後で、原因の説明に戻るのは不自然。
- エ イ→エ→オ→ア→ウ then（それなら）を含むエ、Yet で始まるオ、The reason is で始まるアは先頭に来ない。事実を述べるイが先頭。エの It（タイプのほうが良さそうだ）はイを受けた見かけの結論で、オの Yet がそれをひっくり返す。アの they は pen users で、オの結果の理由。ウの The slowness（遅さ）はアの could not keep up を言いかえたまとめなので最後。イ→オ→エ→ア→ウ だと「ペンのほうが覚えていた」の後に「タイプのほうが良さそうだ」が来て逆接の向きが合わない。
- エ エ→ア→オ→イ→ウ アの It は A good apology を指すのでエの直後。エ→ア で「良い謝罪は短い。したことを言い、害を認め、そこで止まる」と型を示し、オの The trouble（問題）で反対の例に移る。イの引用文は but の具体例なのでオの直後。ウの an explanation（説明）はイの「議論になってしまう」を受けて「説明が必要なら別の機会に」と締める。エ→ア→イ→オ だと but の例が「問題は but から始まる」より先に出て、オが宙に浮く。
- イ ② 入れる一文の That choice（その選択）は、直前に「選ぶ」という行為が必要。② の直前 they must choose what to keep（何を残すか選ばなければならない）がそれで、直後の When they type… はその対比。① はまだ「選ぶ」話が出ていない。③ の直前は「タイプならほぼ全部を記録できる」で、選択の話と反対。④ は「覚えていない」という結果の後で、原因の説明に戻ると流れが切れる。⑤ は文章の結びの後。
受験のしらべ ／ https://juken-shirabe.com/koumuin/bunsho/zb-05/test/ ／ 問題は毎回の表示で数が変わります。印刷したものはその一例です。
📄 紙で解くなら プリント（レベルと問題数を選べます）。このページをそのまま印刷しても各レベル 10 問と解答が出ます。